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991.
Haunshi S Shanmugam M Padhi MK Niranjan M Rajkumar U Reddy MR Panda AK 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):969-973
The present study was conducted to evaluate two Indian native chicken breeds, namely, Aseel and Kadaknath for fertility, hatchability,
genetic parameters of juvenile growth traits, and semen quality traits at the onset of sexual maturity. The fertility was
similar in Aseel (86.96%) and Kadaknath (85.15%); however, a relatively higher hatchability was observed in Kadaknath (77.94%)
than Aseel (70.74%). Heritability estimates of body weights at 4 weeks of age were almost similar in Aseel (0.37) and Kadaknath
(0.39), while the estimate of body weight at 6 weeks of age was higher in Aseel (0.42) than Kadaknath (0.31). The heritability
estimate of shank length at 6 weeks of age was lower in Aseel (0.16) compared to Kadaknath (0.35). The age at first egg in
the flock was comparable in Aseel (148 days) and Kadaknath (150 days). Aseel breed with significantly (P ≤ 0.001) higher body weight, absolute and relative testes weights had significantly higher semen volume (P ≤ 0.05) and sperm motility (P ≤ 0.01) but had lower seminal plasma cholesterol level (P ≤ 0.05) as compared to Kadaknath. It can be concluded that there is a scope for genetic improvement of these two native breeds
for juvenile growth traits since heritability estimates of these traits were relatively high. 相似文献
992.
Millogo V Norell L Ouédraogo GA Svennersten-Sjaunja K Agenäs S 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):1017-1025
The aim of the study was to test three different hand-milking techniques (“pull down”, “thumb in”, and “full hand grip”) and
their effects on milk production and teat treatment. This is important since milk production in many tropical areas still
rely on hand-milking. The study was carried out at a peri-urban farm in the Bobo-Dioulasso area in Burkina Faso. Twelve indigenous
Zebu cows in early lactation were used in the study. The sequences of the treatments (hand-milking techniques) and the milkers
were balanced for carry-over effects between successive periods and days, respectively. The sequences were constructed by
using special Latin squares. Yield and composition of saleable milk was not affected by milking technique but there were differences
between the milkers in milk yield. There was also a significant interaction for saleable milk yield between milker and milking
technique. Hemoglobin in milk was measured as an indicator of teat damage. The hemoglobin content was numerically higher in
post-milking strip milk samples than in saleable milk. It was concluded that the amount of milk removed depends mainly on
the milker and how well the milking technique works for the individual milker. No effect of milking technique was observed
on teat treatment. 相似文献
993.
Mahr-un-Nisa Shahzad MA Phillips CJ Sarwar M 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):947-952
Urea is a common ingredient of the diets of intensively fed lambs, but is increasingly required for industrial processes.
Maize steep liquor (MSL) is a by-product of maize grain degradation to produce starch that may be a suitable replacement.
Fifty growing lambs were fed on equinitrogenous diets in which between 0% and 80% of the urea was replaced by MSL; their growth
and metabolism were recorded over 70 days. Increasing replacement of urea by MSL increased feed intake and nutrient digestibilities,
leading to increased growth rates, more efficient feed conversion, and increased nitrogen retention. Concentrations of triiodothyroxin,
thyroxin, glucose, and methionine were increased by replacement of urea by liquor, and plasma urea was reduced. This study
suggests that MSL is a suitable replacement for up to 80% of urea in the diet of rapidly growing lambs. 相似文献
994.
Bandyopadhyay S Lodh C Sarkar M Ghosh MK Bera AK Bhattacharyya D Mondal DK Baruah KK 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):1063-1072
Of 273 samples (rectal swab) collected from free-ranging yaks of Tawang district, Arunachal Pradesh, 42 Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli (STEC), six enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and 27 enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains were isolated. All the STEC and EPEC strains were further investigated for respective stx variants (for STEC only) and additional putative virulence factors. The 27 ETEC strains were also screened for characteristic
enterotoxin gene(s) and colonization factors. Occurrence of ETEC was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the diarrheic yaks and yaks of less than 1 year of age. Majority of enterovirulent E. coli isolates were resistant to amikacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, colistin, doxycycline, furazolidone, nalidixic acid,
nitrofurantoin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Dendrogram, constructed with molecular fingerprinting profiles obtained from
RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ERIC (Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus) PCR, placed the isolates
in different clusters irrespective of their serotypes, virulence gene and drug resistance pattern. Collectively, the study
indicates that yaks, being a potential reservoir of multidrug resistant STEC and EPEC, may represent significant risk to public
health in this region. Higher recovery of ETEC isolates from yaks with diarrhea points out that ETEC may be a major determinant
for repeated occurrence of diarrhea in yaks. 相似文献
995.
Abou-Elezz Fouad Mohammed K Sarmiento-Franco L Santos-Ricalde R Solorio-Sanchez JF 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):1035-1040
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Moringa oleifera fresh leaves (MOL) as feed supplement on the performance and egg quality of Rhode Island Red (RIR) hens under the tropical
conditions of Yucatan, Mexico. Forty-eight RIR hens were allocated in 12 floor pen replicates each with four birds. Thereafter,
the replicates were divided into three groups which were corresponded to ad libitum feed (control), ad libitum feed supplemented
with MOL T1 (AL + MOL) and restricted feed amount (20% lower than control) with MOL T2 (RCD + MOL), respectively. T1 (AL +
MOL) had higher egg laying rate (71.4% versus 66.6%), higher daily egg mass production (45.4 versus 41.9 g/day), lower feed
intake (121.3 versus 127.5 g/day) and better feed conversion ratio (2.8 versus 3.2 g feed:g egg) versus control. T2 / (RCD
+ MOL) had lower values of body weight, egg laying rate, egg weight and egg mass, and recorded better feed conversion ratio
than the control group. The control group recorded a higher percentage of pecked eggs versus T1 and T2 (6.5% versus 1.2% and
2.0 %). Similar intake of MOL (3.1 and 3.4 g DM/day) was recorded in T1 (AL + MOL) and T2 (RCD + MOL). Yolk color was improved
significantly in T1 (AL + MOL) than both control and T2 (RCD + MOL), while T2 (RCD + MOL) had eggs with lower yolk and higher
albumen percentages than the other two ad libitum groups. The results suggest that MOL could be used successfully as sustainable
tropical feed resource for RIR hens. 相似文献
996.
Risk factors associated with occurrence of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District,Kenya 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Kagira JM Kanyari PN Githigia SM Maingi N Ng'ang'a JC Gachohi JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):657-664
Nematode infections are a serious constraint to pig production, especially where free range pig keeping is practiced. This
study investigated the epidemiology of nematodes in free range pigs in Busia District, Kenya. Three hundred and six pigs from
135 farms were sampled for faeces that were analysed for nematode eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces using the McMaster technique.
The nematode eggs were also identified to genus and species based on morphology. A questionnaire on risk factors was also
administered to the pig owners. The overall prevalence and mean nematode EPG were 84.2% and 2,355, respectively. The nematode
eggs were identified as those belonging to Oesophagostomum spp. (75%), Strongyloides ransomi (37%), Ascaris suum (18%), Metastrongylus spp. (11%), Trichuris suis (7%) and Physocephalus sexalatus (3%). The prevalence of nematodes was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the amount of rainfall in the division of the pigs' origin (all nematodes except S. ransomi). The prevalence of nematodes was also associated with the age of the pigs. A lower burden of nematodes was associated (p < 0.05) with a history of deworming (A. suum) and the provision of night housing (S. ransomi and Metastrongylus spp.). In conclusion, this study has provided information on nematode infections and the associated risk factors for free
range pigs in Busia District, which can be used when implementing integrated control measures. 相似文献
997.
Leptospirosis as the most frequent infectious disease impairing productivity in small ruminants in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Martins G Penna B Hamond C Leite RC Silva A Ferreira A Brandão F Oliveira F Lilenbaum W 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):773-777
Despite the importance of small ruminants breeding in developing countries, milk/meat productivity remains unsatisfactory.
Infectious diseases, such as leptospirosis, brucellosis, and small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs), contribute to this scenario.
The objective of the present study was to determine the role of each of these diseases in the productivity of small ruminants
breeding in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In goats, 343 samples were tested for leptospirosis, 560 for Brucella abortus, and 506 for caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE), whereas in sheep, 308 samples were tested for leptospirosis, 319 for B. abortus, 374 for Brucella ovis, and 278 for Maedi-Visna (MV). Regarding leptospirosis, 25.9% of goats and 47.4% sheep were seroreactive, with serovar Hardjo
the most prevalent in both species. Anti-B. abortus agglutinins were found in 0.7% of all samples, exclusively in goats. In relation to SRLVs, 8.6% of goats and 3.2% of sheep
samples were positive for CAE and MV, respectively. Leptospirosis was the major infectious problem in the small ruminants
sampled and may contribute to impaired productivity of these animals. 相似文献
998.
Hussain R Auon M Khan A Khan MZ Mahmood F Ur-Rehman S 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):477-481
Seroprevalence, clinical findings, and lesions of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in Beetal goats were recorded
during an outbreak. The overall seroprevalence of CCPP was 32.50%. Confirmation of Mycoplasma mycoides in serum was carried out using counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) technique. The highest CIE-positive cases were recorded
in the older goats (51.72%) as compared to young ones. Nasal swabs collected from 39 goats showing respiratory signs were
found positive for M. mycoides. The most consistent clinical findings were mild to severe cough, purulent nasal secretion, emaciation, dyspnea, increased
respiration rate, and pyrexia. Mortality due to CCPP was 9.17%. Consolidation of lungs exhibited the highest frequency (100%),
followed by alveolar exudation (90.90%) and pleural adhesion (72.72%). Among the microscopic lesions, septal peribronchiolar
fibrosis exhibited the highest frequency (81.81%), followed by fibrinous pleuritis (63.63%) and peribronchiolar cuffing of
mononuclear cells (54.54%) in lungs. From these results, it was concluded that CCPP under subtropical conditions has high
prevalence in Beetal goats and leads to significant mortality. 相似文献
999.
Getachew AM Innocent G Trawford AF Reid SW Love S 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):757-762
A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the cause of rectal prolapse in working donkeys in Ethiopia. Analysis of
data on rectal prolapse cases obtained from the Donkey Health and Welfare Project clinic at the School of Veterinary Medicine,
Addis Ababa University, from 1995 to 2004 revealed that 83.6% (n = 177) of the cases were associated with Gasterophilus nasalis. The rest 10.7% and 5.7% were associated with work-related (overloading) cause and diarrhoea, respectively. The mean and
median numbers of G. nasalis recovered from the rectum of infected donkeys were 66 and 64, respectively, with a range of 2–195. Over 100 G. nasalis larvae were recovered from the rectum of 22% of the donkeys. Circular demarcated ulcer-like and deep circumferential pits
or ring-like mucosal lesions were found at the larval attachment sites. G. nasalis infection and the associated rectal prolapse were observed year round. However, the intensity of rectal larval infection
and incidence of rectal prolapse were significantly higher during the rainy season (P < 0.01). Age and sex of the donkeys had no significant effect on the intensity of rectal larval infection and incidence of
rectal prolapse (P > 0.05). 相似文献
1000.
Effects of tea saponins on rumen microbiota,rumen fermentation,methane production and growth performance—a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reducing methane emission from ruminant animals has implications not only for global environmental protection but also for
efficient animal production. Tea saponins (TS) extracted from seeds, leaves or roots of tea plant are pentacyclic triterpenes.
They have a lasting antiprotozoal effect, but little effect on the methanogen population in sheep. There was no significant
correlation between the protozoa counts and methanogens. The TS decreased methanogen activity. It seems that TS influenced
the activity of the methanogens indirectly via the depressed ciliate protozoal population. The TS addition decreased fungal
population in the medium containing rumen liquor in in vitro fermentation, but no such effect was observed in the rumen liquor
of sheep fed TS. Tea saponins had a minor effect on the pattern of rumen fermentation and hence on nutrient digestion. When
added at 3 g/day in diets, TS could improve daily weight gain and feed efficiency in goats. No positive associative effect
existed between TS and disodium fumarate or soybean oil on methane suppression. Inclusion of TS in diets may be an effective
way for improving feed efficiency in ruminants. 相似文献